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　　International Sourcing Fair (Shanghai, China) is held once a year in autumn since it was inaugurated in 2002. After 5 years of successful development, it has become the largest reverse sourcing fair in China with the total exhibition area of 20,000 m 2 . In 2006, ISF China received approval to upgrade to a national level fair by the State Council of PRC and is now organized by Ministry of Commerce and Shanghai Municipal People's Government. ISF China is operated by Shanghai International Sourcing Promotion Center Co., Ltd. During these years, ISF China always enjoys high level Government support resulting in an exceptional reputation, outstanding highlights throughout the event and superb business effect.

Background Metso Minerals (part of the Metso Group) is the world's market leader in rock and mineral processing equipment with a turnover of approximately €1.5b per year. Steel castings is one of the largest spend category currently sourced globally across the 5 continents. In order to rebalance a growing country risk as well as identify new cost reduction opportunities, Metso Minerals looked at China as a long term strategic source of supply for its large steel castings requirements.

   As mentioned above, corporations in the West and Japan have long recognized the strategic importance of procurement. However, two very different procurement philosophies have emerged and polarized perspectives on this topic between on the one hand the US and Europe and on the other hand Japan.

3.3.1 Import and Export Commodity Inspection Agents3.3.2 Services Provided by Agents3.3.3 Letter of Attorney

3.2.1 Commodities Subject to Statutory Inspection and Quarantine 3.2.2 Technical Standards for Inspection and Quarantine3.2.3 Supervision and Inspection of Foodstuffs

General trade refers to the import or export of goods by enterprises in China with import-export rights. In China's customs statistics, the scope of general trade covers: imports and exports using loans or aids; the import of materials by FIEs for processing of goods for sale in the domestic market; the export of goods purchased by FIEs or manufactured by processing domestically-produced materials; the import of food and beverages by restaurants and hotels; the supply of domestically-produced fuel, materials, parts and components to foreign vessels or aircraft; the import of goods as payment in kind in lieu of wages in labour service cooperation projects with foreign countries; and the export of equipment and materials by enterprises in China as investment in kind for their investment abroad.

China's latest Company Law has removed requirements on minimum registered capital for different types of company and allows companies to pay up their capital in two years in accordance with regulations. Investment companies can pay up their capital in five years.

Step 1: Application for EstablishmentAn investor interested in establishing a foreign-invested commercial enterprise or a foreign-invested commercial enterprise interested in setting up shop should submit the required application documents to the provincial commerce authorities at the place where the foreign-invested commercial enterprise is registered.

Step 1:Applicant appoints an agent, which must be a foreign investment services company in the mainland. Step 2:Agent submits on applicant's behalf all the required documents to the provincial foreign trade and economic cooperation department for handling application procedures.Step 3:Upon approval granted, applicant should proceed promptly to the provincial or municipal administration for industry and commerce for registration.Step 4:Other formalities to be handled by the resident representative:

  1.2 Foreign Enterprises
  The application procedures for the establishment of foreign enterprises are more simple.

The time limit for the approval of applications for the establishment of foreign enterprises is as follows: The approval organ must give a written reply within 30 days after receiving preliminary application from the foreign investor and decide whether or not to grant approval within 90 days (for Guangzhou and Shenzhen, 15 working days) as from the day all documents required for the formal application are received.

For foreign enterprises, the date of the issuance of business licence is the date of their incorporation. The foreign investor may appoint an FIE service company or other economic organisations to handle the application procedures, but a power of attorney must be signed.

Application Procedures for Establishment of Foreign Enterprises

Step 1: Submission of Preliminary Application

The foreign investor of a foreign enterprise should submit a report to the foreign trade and economic cooperation department at county level or above at the place where the proposed enterprise is located.

Content of report: Objectives of the foreign enterprise, business scope, scale of operation, products to be produced, technology and equipment to be used, land area required, conditions and quantities of water, electricity, gas and other forms of energy resources required, and requirements for public facilities.

Step 2: Submission of Formal Application

After the foreign investor receives a written reply from the relevant government authorities, a formal application supported by all the required documents should be filed with the local foreign trade and economic cooperation department at county, municipal or provincial level.

Documents required: Application letter for establishing the foreign enterprise; feasibility study report; articles of association; list of legal representatives (or board of directors); foreign investor's legal papers and credit report; list of materials to be imported; written replies from the local approval authorities at county level or above; application for registration of the name of the enterprise approved by the provincial or municipal administration for industry and commerce; comments on the project by various government departments such as environmental protection, fire services, health and land administration. In case where two or more foreign investors are involved, copies of the contracts signed by them should be submitted to the approval authority for the record.

Step 3: Application for Approval Certificate

After the formal application is approved, the foreign investor should apply to the foreign trade and economic cooperation department at county, municipal or provincial level for an approval certificate by presenting all the necessary documents.

Documents required: Application letter for establishing the foreign enterprise, feasibility study report, articles of association and list of board of directors.

Step 4: Registration

Upon collection of the approval certificate, an application for business licence should be filed with the provincial or municipal administration for industry and commerce within 30 days. Subsequently, the enterprise should complete such procedures as applying for official seal and enterprise code, opening bank account, and registering for tax payment and customs declaration with the local public security, technical supervision, taxation, Customs, finance, foreign exchange administration, banking, insurance and commodity inspection departments.

 

Global sourcing of products in a low-cost region is a waste, if the logistics cost or process to get the company products out of that region counterbalance the product cost savings. Global sourcing requires an in-depth analysis of a company's logistics set-up梐nd that's exactly what consumer appliance giant- Electrolux has done.

When Hans Straberg was the CEO of Sweden-based Electrolux in 2002, the company was dealing with severe competition and price pressure in its primary markets. Straberg lay down four chief priorities for the company i.e. brand building; product growth based on buyer insight; internal talent development; and improvement in operational efficiency to reduce costs. Thus, global sourcing of materials to support those industrial unit goods came into view as Electrolux planned to give importance and put their stake on low cost countries like China. Consumer products maker Electrolux thus began a major manufacturing shift to low-cost regions including Mexico and Eastern Europe and establishing new production capacity in Asia.

But, the increased global sourcing would tend to increase the company's on the whole logistics costs, so to make sure those costs were managed effectively, Francois Van Caeyzeele 杢he purchasing head of Electrolux instigated a deep-dive project to review the company's logistics net in Asia. Leading that deep-dive was Mr. Amit Kumar, who was the head of logistics services for Asian Global Sourcing and International trade. Kumar moved to Shanghai, China in 2004, from his post in Europe to begin scrutinizing everything that went in and out of the Asian region.

Kumar told the purchasing department that they started doing a routine checking exercise for the logistics spend in that region. What was moving from where to where? They had the suppliers control logistics and minor notice was paid to what the real cost was for logistics and the management of the shipments for B2B International trade.

The pricing factor was taken into account only in phase two. Kumar made an excellent choice for the project because of his backdrop in procurement as well as his vast experience and work knowledge in a Global Sourcing. The Company targeted several major factories in the Asian region, charting the logistics network and lowering the freight cost from the part cost. Two issues stood to notice at the end of the project that the company's container fill rate was much lesser than was expected and many of the suppliers were transporting via shipment to Electrolux in parallel lanes using various logistics providers at varied rates.

So there was an obvious situation for establishing consolidation positions in China suppliers. Accordingly all suppliers in a particular region were brought together as one committed factory manufacturers and goods were shipped to the destinations.

This enhanced container fill rates and let Electrolux select the logistics providers it needed in various area. Electrolux used a standardized assessment table to sort out logistics service providers with deep emphasis on an international level, global sourcing, management and innovation.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.co...

About the Author:
Tootoo.com , the leading B2B platform, combining vertical search engine with value added service portal. It has more than 430 000 China quality suppliers and provides top quality B2B services to both sellers and buyers worldwide.

She advises companies to consider a "probational" period before engaging a supplier and interrupting it with a random inspection by a third-party testing organization. "Have a list of things to test for that are very explicit, and a clear policy of [contract cancellation] based on violations," she says. "You need to set an example that there's zero tolerance for people who don't follow your policies. If they pass, then constantly go back to square one in terms of requalifying them."

  
  

  Chinese Checking

(continued)

Ferko says the defect rate for Genlyte products made in China is less than 0.02 percent, consistent with the defect rate for its U.S.-manufactured products. "We go through an exhaustive prescreening of all our contract manufacturers, most of them located in South China's Guangdong region," he says. "We check their reputation, ask for references, and see if they've done similar work to what we want them to do." Ferko says Genlyte weeds out manufacturers that it believes will not maintain consistent quality standards or always look out for Genlyte's best interests. "We haven't had any significant problems over the years," he says.

The same can be said for Arrow Electronics Inc., a Melville, New York–based global distributor of electronic components and computer products, with $13.6 billion in 2006 revenues. Arrow has sourced products and components like semiconductor chips from China for the past 15 years. "We purchase only from known suppliers and then do standard things like get trade references and cross-check them," says CFO Paul Reilly. "We also check their banking relationships, and talk with trade associations and government bureaus. We see if they have global certifications like ISO 9000, and we're big believers in physical onsite inspections and regular testing."

Arrow has developed a broad list of performance metrics in its contractual agreements with Chinese suppliers. "The recent scandals made us stop and think about the challenges of ensuring quality products not just from China, but from everywhere else in the world," Reilly says. "While we expect to increase our vigilance, we have not had quality issues emerge from the suppliers we deal with."
   
  

   Before making its sourcing decisions in China, Solectron looks at four supplier capabilities: manufacturing and quality systems, ownership structure, financial backing, and localization. Doing the evaluations are local quality engineers, commodity managers, and financial analysts. "They're our employees, and they're located in Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and elsewhere in the country," Caltabiano says. "The commodity manager looks at the supplier's ability to meet our cost requirements; the quality engineer evaluates technical expertise and then tests and audits this; and the financial analyst examines financial backing, credit, and ownership structure."

Surprise, Surprise
A key practice in evaluating supplier quality is unannounced inspections, either by an in-house staff like those employed by Arrow, Genlyte, and Solectron, or by an independent testing agency like Intertek, OnSpex, or Bureau Veritas. Such agencies audit suppliers' quality systems against world-class manufacturing practices and ISO standards. "We've got 19,000 people on the ground in more than 100 countries involved with thousands of vendors every day," says Rider from Intertek. "All of them are local, but they're our employees, many of them trained in the West. We don't use expats, because they don't understand the culture or the working environment. In China, [our employees are] all Chinese."

Intertek evaluates and measures critical control points in a supplier's manufacturing process, and certifies that the factory is doing these evaluations and measurements itself. The agency also samples products, literally taking them apart for so-called destructive testing. "If you do a sufficient number of tests that are representative of the population of products produced, following established statistical protocols like 'one-hundred-parts-per-million,' you get a pretty firm grasp of quality," Rider adds.

Ann Chen, a partner in the Hong Kong office of consultancy Bain & Co., who heads up the firm's consumer-products practice in China, agrees that a combination of explicit rules of engagement, codified processes, surprise spot checks, and investments in internal or outsourced inspection programs can pare supply risks to a minimum. "It all starts with a very high hurdle in terms of qualifying suppliers," Chen says.

 

Chinese Checking

(continued)

  For example, China has no equivalent to the CPSC. While the government has promised stricter enforcement of regulations, stepped-up inspections, and more-punitive actions against makers of substandard goods, it also has intimated that the recent debacle surrounding product quality was exaggerated by the foreign media. "The country's usual response to a scandal is to find a scapegoat," Rivoli says, pointing to the recent execution of the head of China's food and drug administration, Zheng Xiaoyu, convicted of accepting bribes linked to substandard drugs.

"Officials don't want to admit the fallibility of the system, because that hurts their power," adds Rivoli. "They'd rather find fallibility in an individual." Nevertheless, she says, the recent recalls "are not isolated problems of product quality. They're systemic."

A recent nationwide survey of food, drugs, and consumer products by China's General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine backs her up, finding that 20 percent were substandard or tainted. For example, more than 23,000 cases of low-quality or fake food were uncovered, requiring the closure of 180 food factories. The results were often shocking: bread with 50 percent paper-pulp content, pigs fattened on force-fed wastewater, lard made from sewage.
  

The disgusting revelations have taken the gleam off China's low-cost labor for some. "Companies must move away from an all-China, all-the-time sourcing policy," insists Paula Rosenblum, managing partner of Retail Systems Research. "Continual and increasing dependence on China as the sole source for manufacturing is a mistake waiting to happen."

Do They Really Get It?
But despite the wave of product recalls in recent months, many sourcing specialists maintain that most manufacturers in China are sophisticated enterprises, with years of experience serving Western needs. "Since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, they really do get it — 'it' being the need for product quality and safety," says Alan Schoem, senior vice president in the global product risk practice at insurance broker Marsh, and formerly the head of the compliance office at the CPSC.

Others concur. "Thousands of American companies import millions of different products every year from China that are of the highest quality and safety," says Gene Rider, vice president of global retail services for Intertek Plc, which assists companies by monitoring foreign-supplier quality and safety. Asked to explain the high rate of product recalls, Rider notes that not all the recalls were for manufacturing defects. "On average, two-thirds of the recalls were the result of design defects," he says, "and you can't blame China for that."

Rather than trim their sourcing from China, many companies expect to increase it. "Forty to 50 percent of our sourcing on behalf of our customers is from China, compared with 30 percent five years ago," says John Caltabiano, vice president of sourcing at Solectron Corp., an electronics manufacturing services provider. "We expect this to grow."

But Caltabiano acknowledges the concern over product quality. "The recent quality lapses of products made in China are alarming and should be of great concern," he says. "However, the electronics industry is well established in China, and the components being manufactured in China are not life-threatening issues."

Genlyte has no plans to reduce its dependence on the 20-plus factories in China it sources from. "We've been manufacturing in China for 20 years, and many of our suppliers have been with us over that duration," says Ferko. "To ensure quality, we have a small staff of indigenous contract employees in China that works exclusively for us. We've trained them to identify quality issues and to maintain our standards, working closely with suppliers to ensure they understand our definition of quality and confirm that the products meet our specifications."
   

What companies really think about the wave of defective products from China.

Russ Banham, CFO Magazine

September 01, 2007

Is it really worth it? From tainted pet food, seafood, and toothpaste to unraveling tires, exploding cell-phone batteries, and lead-painted children's toys, defective products from China are giving U.S. companies second thoughts about the benefits of China's low-cost manufacturing.

In August, Mattel announced that its Fisher-Price division was recalling nearly 1 million toys — 83 products — that were finished with lead paint. All were made in China. Prior to that announcement, 24 types of toys had been recalled in the United States in 2007, and all were manufactured in China. In June alone, 68,000 folding chairs, 2,300 toy barbecue grills, 1.2 million space heaters, 5,300 earrings, 19,000 children's necklaces, and 1.5 million Thomas the Tank Engine toys were recalled. All of them were stamped "Made in China." A staggering 60 percent of all product recalls have been traced back to the country, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).

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Yet by and large, companies and the consultancies they hire to evaluate sourcing opportunities in China continue to say that the risk of recalls is worth taking. "If you manage and maintain quality in your sourcing operation and invest in it, the benefits are too large to ignore," says Bill Ferko, vice president and CFO of Genlyte Group (2006 revenues: $1.5 billion), a Louisville-based manufacturer of lighting fixtures that sources components, subassemblies, and finished products from more than 20 factories in China.

Learning from the experience of U.S. apparel makers, which achieved huge cost savings by manufacturing in China in the 1980s only to incur public wrath when inhumane working conditions in the country were revealed, many manufacturers like Genlyte have developed strict quality protocols in their China sourcing. The process begins with systematic evaluations of potential suppliers, which are provided written expectations of product quality and safety specifications. Quality-assurance inspections by in-house or retained engineers follow, ending with a final check of the product at the importer's loading dock. In between is a legion of other tactics to combat potential problems such as intellectual-property theft and poor labor conditions.

But quality programs are not infallible. Mattel, for example, not only had quality controls but had also worked for 15 years with the Chinese plant that made the lead-painted toys. "They understand our regulations, they understand our program, and something went wrong," CEO Robert A. Eckert told The New York Times in August.

Systemic Problems
There is no mystery why U.S. businesses flock to China: the country's giant workforce churns out nearly a trillion dollars in goods and services at a labor cost that would be illegal here. Typically, a U.S. or Western European factory worker costs an employer $15 to $30 an hour; a Chinese factory worker, by contrast, earns less than $1 an hour, according to Boston Consulting Group (BCG).

Even if wages in China were to increase at a 15 percent annual rate over the next five years and rates in the United States were to increase at a 3 to 4 percent clip, average hourly wages would be a scant $2 in China and $18 to $36 in the United States. While currency exchange rates play a role in this calculation, BCG says even a fourfold strengthening of the yuan against the dollar would still make wages in China half what they are here. Small wonder that China currently provides 40 percent of U.S. consumer imports, nearly $250 billion worth of goods annually.

"China is generally competing on price, not on quality or safety or the integrity of the supply chain," says Pietra Rivoli, a professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University and author of the book The Travels of a T-Shirt in a Global Economy. Expecting the government of China to solve manufacturing quality issues for importers is quixotic, she says. "There are few, if any, safety nets."

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China Atomic Energy Authority	http://www.caea.gov.cn/
China Central Television	http://www.cctv.com.cn/
China Commercial and Maritime Trial Involving Foreign Elements	http://www.ccmt.org.cn/
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade	http://www.ccpit.org/
China Council for Promotion of International Trade, :No.1 Fuxingmenwai Street, Beijing , P.R China(100860)	http://www.ccpit.org/
China Council for the Promotion International Trade Beijing Sub-council, Telephone: 86-10-65125177 Fax: 86-10-65125165, Email: ccoicbj@public.bta.net.cn	http://www.ccpit.org/
CCPIT Patent and Trademark Office	http://www.ccpit-patent.co...
China International Electronic Commerce Network	http://www.ec.cn/english/i...
China Internet Information Center	http://www.china.org.cn/
China Post	http://www.chinapost.gov.c...
China Regulatories Security Commission	http://www.csrc.gov.cn/
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Software (ISCAS), Contact: Prof. Yulin FENG, PO. Box 8718, 100080 Beijing, CHINA, Telephone: 86-10-62553967 62561, Fax: 86-10-62562533, E-mail: feng@ox.ios.ac.cn or iscas@ox.ios.ac.cn	http://www.ios.ac.cn/
CGS, 24 Huangsi Dajie,Xicheng District,Beijing 100011	http://www.cgs.gov.cn/
Chinese Ministry of Education's (CERNET).  CERNET is the IP network that links up the campus networks of China's major education and research institutes. Invested by the central government's State Planning Commission, CERNET's construction began in October 1994. Ministry of Education operates CERNET.	http://www.cernet.edu.cn
Cyberport Hong Kong, Customer helpdesk hotline: (852) 3166 3388, Fax: (852) 3166 3389, E-mail : enquiry@cyberport.com.hk	http://www.cyberport.com.h...
General Information Office Republic of China	http://www.gio.gov.tw/
Guangdong Post and Telecom Administration, Tel (8620) 87777658, Fax (8620) 87753605, , Director: Cui Xun	http://www.21cn.com
Guangdong Science and Technology Information Center, Tel (8620) 83548812, 83549269, 83549751, Fax (8620) 83549393, Email gdnc@sti.gd.cn	http://www.sti.gd.cn
HK Information Technology Services Department (ITSD), Email: enquiry@itsd.gov.hk  Tel: (852) 2582 4520, Fax: (852) 2802 4549, 15/F, Wanchai Tower, 12 Harbour Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong	http://www.info.gov.hk/ein...
Hong Kong Institute of Biotechnolodgy	http://www.hkib.com/
Hong Kong Software Industry Information Centre (SIIC) , 2/F HKPC Building, Hong Kong Productivity Council, 78 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.  Fax 2788 5878,  Email: siic@hkpc.org	http://www.siic.org.hk/
Ministry of Agriculture, 11 Nongzhanguan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China, Tel: (86-10) 6419-3366, Fax: (86-10) 6500-1869:	http://www.agri.gov.cn
Ministry of Communications, 11 Jianguomennei Dajie, Dongcheng, District, Beijing 100736, China, Tel: (86-10) 6529-2114, Fax: (86-10) 6529-2345	http://www.moc.gov.cn
Ministry of Construction, 9 Sanlihe Lu, Baiwanzhuang, Haidian District, Beijing 100835, China, Tel: (86-10) 6839-4114, Fax: (86-10) 6833-5878:	http://www.cin.gov.cn
Ministry of Culture, 10 Chaoyangmen Beijie, Dongcheng District, Beijing 10020, China, Tel: (86-10) 6555-1114, Fax: (86-10) 6555-1433	http://www.ccnt.gov.cn
Ministry of Education, 37 Damucang Hutong, Xidan, Xicheng District, Beijing 100816, China, Tel: (86-10) 6609-6114, Fax: (86-10) 6601-1049	http://www.moe.edu.cn
Ministry of Finance, 3 Nansanxiang, Sanlihe, Xicheng District, Beijing 100820, China, Tel: (86-10) 6855-1114, Fax: (86-10) 6855-1627	http://www.mof.gov.cn
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2 Chaoyangmen Nandajie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100701, China, Tel: (86-10) 6596-1114, Fax: (86-10) 6596-1160	http://www.fmprc.gov.cn
Ministry of Commerce, 2 Dongchang'an Jie, Beijing 100731, China, Tel: (86-10) 6519-8114, Fax: (86-10) 6512-9568:	http://english.mofcom.gov....
Ministry of Health, 1 Xizhimenwai Nanlu, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China, Tel: (86-10) 6879-2114, Fax: (86-10) 6879-2024	http://www.moh.gov.cn
Ministry of Information Industry, 413 Xichang'anjie, Beijing 100804, China, Tel: (86-10) 6601-4249, Fax: (86-10) 6201-6362	http://www.mii.gov.cn
Ministry of Justice, 10 Chaoyangmen Nandajie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China, Tel: (86-10) 6520-5114, Fax: (86-10) 6520-5345	http://www.legalinfo.gov.c...
Ministry of Labor and Social Security, 12 Hepingli Zhongjie, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100716, China, Tel: (86-10) 8420-1114, Fax: (86-10) 8422-3056:	http://www.molss.gov.cn
Ministry of Land and Resources, No.64 Fu Nei street , Xicheng District, Beijing 100812, China, Tel: (86-10) 66558001, Fax: (86-10) 66558004	http://www.mlr.gov.cn
Ministry of Personnel, 7 Hepingli Zhongjie, Dongchen District, Beijing 100013, China, Tel: (86-10) 8421-4883, Fax: (86-10) 8422-3240	http://www.mop.gov.cn
Ministry of Public Security, 14 Dongchang'anjie, Beijing 100741, China, Minister: Zhou Yong Kang, Tel: (86-10) 6520-2114	http://www.mps.gov.cn
Ministry of Railways, 10 Fuxing Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100844, China, Tel: (86-10) 5184-0114, Fax: (86-10) 5184-2150	http://www.chinamor.cn.net
Ministry of Science and Technology, 15 Fuxinglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China, Tel: (86-10) 6851-5544, Fax: (86-10) 6851-5006	http://www.most.gov.cn
Ministry of Water Resources, 2 Baiguanglu Ertiao, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100053, China, Tel: (86-10) 6320-2114, Fax: (86-10) 6320-3070	http://www.mwr.gov.cn
Office of Telecommunications Authority (OFTA) (Hong Kong), M H Au, Senior Assistant Director (Regulatory), Tel: 2961 6688, Fax: 2803 5111, Email: mhau@ofta.gov.hk	http://www.ofta.gov.hk
State Administration of Chinese Medicine	http://www.satcm.gov.cn/
State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT), No. 2 Fuxingmenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100866, Tel: 8610-6609-3114	http://www.sarft.gov.cn
State Development Planning Commission (SDPC), 38 Yuetannanjie, Xicheng District, Beijing 100824, Tel: 86-10-6850-2114, Fax: 8610-6850-1090	http://www.sdpc.gov.cn
State Economic Trade Commission (SETC), 26 Xuanwumen Xidajie, Xuanwu District, Beijing 100053, Tel: 8610-6319-2298, Fax: 8610-6319-2177	http://www.setc.gov.cn
United States Embassy in China	http://www.usembassy-china...

Yahoo's "China Finance (Chinese)	http://cn.finance.yahoo.co...
Yahoo's "Hong Kong Finance" (Chinese)	http://hk.finance.yahoo.co...
CRS	http://www.cnie.org/nle/in...
CSIS	http://www.csis.org/asia/
IMF	http://www.imf.org/externa...
McKeever Institute of Economic Policy Analysis	http://www.mkeever.com/chi...

Chambers of Commerce

All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, Telephone: 86-10-62389641 Email: acficic@datachina.com.cn, President/CEO : Jianbo Yan	http://www.datachina.com.c...
American Chamber of Commerce in China, China Resources Building, #1903, 8 Jianguomenbei Dajie, Beijing 100005, Tel: 8610-8519-1920, Fax: 8610-8519-1910	http://www.amcham-china.or...
American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, Frank G. Martin, President, Room 1904, Bank of America Tower, 12 Harcourt Road, Central, Hong Kong, Tel: (852) 2526-0165, Fax: (852) 2810-1289, E-mail: amcham@amcham.org.hk	http://www.amcham.org.hk
Australian Chamber of Commerce	http://www.austcham.org
British Chamber of Commerce in China Beijing, Telephone: 86-10-65932150, Fax: 86-10-65936610, Email: nwheeler@bccchina.org	http://www.bccchina.org/
Canada Chamber of Commerce in China	http://www.ccbc.com
China Chamber of Commerce for Import & Export of Machinery & Electronics Plays the role of coordination, guidance, consulting and servicing for the importers and exporters of machinery and electronic products in China.	http://www.cccme.cn.net
China Chamber of International Commerce - Beijing Chamber of Commerce Telephone: 86-10-64250792 Fax: 86-10-64250409, Email: ccoicbj@public.bta.net.cn  Liaison Officer : Beilei Zheng	http://www.ccpitbj.com
China Chamber of International Commerce - Tianjin Chamber, Telephone: 86-22-23301345 Fax: 86-22-23301331, Email: ccpit@chinainfornet.com  Director of Overseas Liaison : Xuewu Yan	http://www.chinainfornet.c...
China Chamber of International Commerce 1, Fung Xing Men Wai Street, 100860 Beijing China Telephone: 86-10-6802-1275 Fax: 86-10-6802-3554, Email: linsj@icc-china.com  Trade Information Manager : Lin Shunjie	http://www.icc-china.com
Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong, Dr. Robin Chan Yau-hing, Chairman, 4th Floor, 24-25 Connaught Road, Central, Hong Kong, Tel: (852) 2525-6385, Fax: (852) 2845-2610 E-mail: cgcc@cgcc.org.hk	http://www.cgcc.org.hk
European Union Chamber of Commerce	http://www.euccc.com.cn/
French Chamber of Commerce and Industry in China	http://www.ccifc.org
Italian Chamber of Commerce	http://www.cameraitacina.c...
Organization of American companies trading and investing in the country. Includes business information, analysis and details of the council's activities	http://www.uschina.org/
Listing of Chambers by Taiwan Exporter.net, 86 Chung Shan N Road, Sec 2, Suite 1012, Chia Hsin Building Annex, 10419 ROC Taipei	http://www.taiwanexporter....
Swiss Chinese Chamber of Commerce	http://www.swisscham.org
Swiss-Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Beijing, Telephone: 86-10-66-05-49-71, China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Jilin Chamber of Commerce Telephone: 86-431-5625201 Fax: 86-431-5663685, Email: webmaster@jl.org	http://www.jl.org/ccpit/
Description: Non-profit chamber cooperation project of Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce and All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, aiming to promote the development of China's private enterprises	http://www.acfic.com.cn/
ICC the world business organization, the only representative body that speaks with authority on behalf of enterprises from all sectors in every part of the world.	http://www.iccwbo.org/

1.bank of china2.Construction Bank 3.citibank

Air China
http://www.airchina.com.cn...

All Nippon Airways
http://www.anaskyweb.com/c...

Canadian Airlines
http://www.aircanada.com/

Cathay Pacific Airlines
http://www.cathaypacific.c...

China Airlines Address: 131, Sec. 3, Nanking E. Rd, Taipei, Taiwan http://www.china-airlines....

China Eastern Airlines http://www.ce-air.com/

China Southern Airlines Company Limited (i.e. the Company) together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the Group) is the largest airline in The People`s Republic of China. WebSite:WWW.CS-AIR.COM E-Mail: WEBMASTER@CS-AIR.COM   HotLine:8620-950333 http://www.cs-air.com/en/

Delta Airlines
http://www.delta.com/

Dragonair, Flat 1710, 17/F, Office Tower 1, Henderson Centre, 18 Jianguomennei Dajie, Beijing, China. Tel: (86-10) 6518 2533, Fax: (86-10) 6518 3455 , Dragonair serves 31 passenger destinations across Asia with one of the youngest and most advanced aircraft fleets in the region. http://www.dragonair.com/

Japan Airlines
http://www.japanair.com/

Mandarin Airlines http://www.mandarin-airlin...

Northwest Airlines
http://www.nwa.com/

Singapore Airlines
http://www.singaporeair.co...

Shandong Aviation Mansion,NO.5746 Er Huan East Road Lixia District Jinan Shandong P.R.C,     Tel: 86-531-85698666, Fax: 86-531-85698668,  Zip Code: 250014, Shandong Aviation Group is categorized as a state-owned giant of aviation transportation enterprise. http://www.shandongair.com...

United Airlines
http://www.ual.com/

Xiamen Airlines 22 Dailiao Road 361006 People's Republic of China http://www.xiamenair.com.c...

1.1 Sino-foreign Equity and Contractual JV Enterprises Application for the establishment of Sino-foreign equity JV and contractual JV enterprises normally involves four steps.

Application Procedures for Establishment of Sino-Foreign Equity JV and Contractual JV Enterprises (in the case of Guangdong) Step 1: Approval of Project Application Reports Upon reaching agreement by the parties to an equity or contractual JV after negotiation, the Chinese party should submit the project application report to the local foreign trade and economic cooperation department. For projects under the encouraged and permitted categories with an investment exceeding US$100 million and projects under the restricted category with an investment exceeding US$50 million, the report is examined by the provincial development and reform committee before submitting to the State Development and Reform Commission for approval.

For projects requiring the opinions of the relevant industry department, the approval organ must send a letter of request for opinions to the industry department concerned together with the necessary documents. The project application report should include: Basic facts about the project, technology and technical processes, demand on energy and other resources, environmental impact assessment, prices of public goods or services involved, means of capital contribution and financing plans, equipment to be imported and amounts involved.

Documents required: Enterprise registration certificates of the Chinese and foreign investors, credit certificates, letter of investment intent, and environmental impact assessment report issued by the environmental protection administration.

Step 2: Approval of Contract and Articles of Association The contract, articles of association and other relevant legal documents for establishing the JV signed by the parties are submitted by the Chinese party to the local foreign trade and economic cooperation department for approval.

Documents required: Application documents to the competent Chinese authorities; feasibility study report and approval documents for the project; application for registration of the name of the enterprise approved by the provincial or municipal administration for industry and commerce; written comments on the project by various government departments such as environmental protection, fire services, health and land administration; business licences of the parties concerned and certificates of their legal representatives; contract and articles of association duly signed by the legal representatives of the JV parties; and list of board of directors.
 
Step 3: Application for Approval Certificate After the contract and articles of association are approved, the Chinese party should apply to the provincial or municipal foreign trade and economic cooperation department for an approval certificate. Documents required: The project application, feasibility study report, contract, articles of association and list of directors approved by the respective approving authorities.

Step 4: Registration Upon collection of the approval certificate, an application for business licence should be filed with the provincial or municipal administration for industry and commerce within 30 days. Subsequently, the JV should complete such procedures as applying for official seal and enterprise code, opening bank account, and registering for tax payment and customs declaration with the local public security, technical supervision, taxation, Customs, finance, foreign exchange administration, banking, insurance and commodity inspection departments. Notes: The above procedures are applicable to both production enterprises and service providers. Guangdong currently practises a system under which foreign investment project proposals, feasibility study reports, contracts and articles of association are examined and approved together by the provincial foreign trade and economic cooperation departments at various levels. The applicant may decide whether or not to compile a feasibility study report in the light of the actual conditions and needs of the project. The feasibility study report no longer needs to be approved by administrative departments of the government.